Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist (CDCES) Practice Exam

Among the lifestyle strategies, which is LEAST effective in reducing LDL cholesterol?

1. Weight loss

2. Substitution of mono- and polyunsaturated fats for saturated fats

3. Omega-3 fatty acids

4. Consumption of red wine

The correct answer is: Consumption of red wine

The least effective strategy for reducing LDL cholesterol among the options listed is the consumption of red wine. While some studies suggest that moderate red wine consumption may have cardiovascular benefits, primarily due to its antioxidant content and effects on raising HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, its impact on lowering LDL cholesterol specifically is minimal. In contrast, weight loss has been consistently shown to reduce LDL levels, especially in individuals who are overweight or obese. Additionally, substituting mono- and polyunsaturated fats for saturated fats is a well-established method for lowering LDL cholesterol, as these healthier fats help improve lipid profiles. Omega-3 fatty acids, primarily found in fatty fish and certain plant sources, also contribute to lowering triglycerides and may have a modest effect on reducing LDL levels. Therefore, while moderate red wine consumption may be part of a heart-healthy lifestyle, it is not as effective as the other lifestyle strategies in directly reducing LDL cholesterol levels.