Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist (CDCES) Practice Exam

The Mediterranean diet is characterized by which of the following?

1. Limited alcohol consumption

2. High consumption of milk and dairy products

3. High ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fats

4. Low consumption of nonrefined cereals and legumes

The correct answer is: High ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fats

The Mediterranean diet is well-known for its high ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fats, which is primarily derived from sources such as olive oil, nuts, and avocados. Monounsaturated fats are considered heart-healthy as they can help to reduce bad cholesterol levels and provide essential fatty acids that are beneficial for overall health. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet does not emphasize high consumption of milk and dairy products as a primary characteristic. While dairy can be included in moderation, it typically features more plant-based foods, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Additionally, alcohol consumption is generally moderate in the Mediterranean diet, particularly red wine, rather than limited. Lastly, the diet encourages a high intake of nonrefined cereals and legumes, making the assertion about a low consumption of these foods inaccurate in the context of the diet's principles. Overall, the focus on a beneficial balance of fats, particularly monounsaturated fats, is a hallmark of the Mediterranean diet.